The Effect of Treated Beef Liver on Blowfly Colonization
Abstract
Commonly known as the predominant insects responsible for the decomposition of human remains, blowfly larvae are of medical importance to forensic and medical entomologists. In order to perform an entomological survey about the effects on blowfly colonization time and delay composition, the use of treated and untreated beef liver were expended to attract blowflies. On April 14th, 2017 at 11:30am, six mason jars with sand, 3 containing beef liver soaked in vinegar and 3 containing untreated beef liver, were set up 1 meter away from each other in a secluded area of the woods. Protected from stray animals or scavengers, the jars were left undisturbed for five days for specimen collection and then, were extracted, killed, and ready to be identified. Out of the six mason jars, two of the three treated beef liver had higher amounts of blowfly specimens collected compared to treated jars. Based on the obtained results, the hypothesis was proven wrong and the beef liver treated with vinegar actually sped up the colonization of blowflies. However, it was suspected that several variables could have skewed the results such as the weather or placement of the mason jars. We see this through the lack of larvae in one of the treated jars, the variation of beef liver texture, and the location of maggots found within the mason jars. Although some specimens were unidentifiable due to the size of instar maggots, the most prevalent larvae collected was Lucilia coeruleiviridis. Overall, the results of this entomological survey displayed the different species of blowflies in the Bryan/College Station area specifically during the spring semester as well as showcased the effect of treated or untreated meat source on the collection of blowflies.
References
Bugajski, Kristi Nichole. 2011. An examination of the effect of household chemicals on blowfly oviposition, growth, development, and estimations on the post mortem interval. PurQuest Dissertations Publishing. 1:1-24.
Chen, Wei-Yun, Hung, Ting-Hsuan, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng. 2004. Molecular Identification of Forensically Important Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Taiwan. Journal of Medical Entomology. 41:47-57.
Fatchurochim, Sukarsis, C. J. Geden, R. C. Axtell. 1989. Filth FLy (Diptera) Oviposition and Larval Development in Poultry Manure of Various Moisture Levels. Journal of Entomological Science. 24:224-231.
Galal, Lamia A. A., Abd-El-hameed, Saly Y., Attia, Rasha A. H., Uonis, Doaa A. 2009. An Initial Study on Arthropod Succession on Exposed Human Tissues in Assiut, Egypt. Mansoura J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol. 17:55-74.
Grassberger, Martin, Christian Reiter. 2001. Effect of temperature on Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) development with special reference to the isomegalen- and isomorphen- diagram. Forensic Science International. 120:32-36.
Lushchak, Oleh V., Carlsson, Mikael A., Nässel, Dick R. 2015. Food odors trigger an endocrine response that affects food ingestion and metabolism. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 72:3143.
Parman, D. C., E. W. Laake, F. C. Bishop, R. C. Roark. 1928. Tests of Blowfly Baits and Repellents During 1926. United States Department of Agriculture: Agriculture Department Technical Bulletin No. 80.
Richards, Cameron S., Catherine C. Rowlinson, Martin J. R. Hall. 2013. Effects of storage temperature on the change in size of Calliphora vicinia larvae during preservation in 80% ethanol. International Journal of Legal Medicine. 127:231-241.
Szpila, Krzysztof. 2009. Key for the Identification of Third Instars of European Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of Forensic Importance. Current Concepts in Forensic Entomology. 1:43-56.
T.W. Cline "A product of the maternally influenced Sexlethal gene determines sex in Drosophila melanogaster†
Genetics, 91 (1979), p. s22
Published
Issue
Section
License
Instars supports the need for authors to share, disseminate and maximise the impact of their research. We take our responsibility as stewards of the online record seriously, and work to ensure our policies and procedures help to protect the integrity of scholarly works.
License to the Journal. The Author hereby licenses to the Journal the irrevocable, nonexclusive, and royalty-free rights as follows:
a. The Journal may publish the Article in any format, including electronic and print media. Specifically, this license include the right to reproduce, publicly distribute and display, and transmit the Article or portions thereof in any manner, through any medium now in existence or developed in the future, including but not limited to print, electronic, and digital media, computerized retrieval systems, and other formats
b. The Journal may prepare translations and abstracts and other similar adaptations of the Article in furtherance of its publication of the Article.
c. The Journal may use the Author's name, likeness, and institutional affiliation in connection with any use of the Article and in promoting the Article or the Journal.
d. The Journal may exercise these rights directly or by means of third parties. The Journal may authorize third-party publishers, aggregators, and printers to publish the Article or to include the Article in databases or other services. [Examples of such third parties include Westlaw, Lexis, and EBSCO.]
e. The Journal may without further permission from the Author transfer, assign, or sublicense the rights that the Journal has pursuant to the Agreement.
f. In order to foster wider access to the Article, especially for the benefit of the nonprofit community, the Author hereby grants to the Journal the authority to publish the Article with a Creative Commons "Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives" license. [The Author should consult the Creative Commons website (www.creativecommons.org) for further information]
g. This liscense of rights to the Journal shall take effect immediately. In the event that the Journal does not publish the Article, this license to the Journal shall temrinate upon written notification by the Journal to the Author, or upon termination of all publication by the Journal. To the extent that moral rights may apply to the Article, this agreement does not affect the moral rights of the Author in or to the Article.
Rights of the Author. Without suggesting any limit on other rights that the Author may h ave with respect to the Article, the Author retains the following rights. To the extent that the Journal holds similar rights with respect to the Article consistent with this Agreement, the Author shall hold these rights on a nonexclusive basis. To the extent that the Article includes edits and other contributions by the staff of the Journal, the rights of the Author in this Paragraph include the right to use such edits and contributions.
a. The Author may publish the Article in another scholarly journal, in a book, or by other means. The Author may exercise this right of publication only after the date of first publication of the ARticle in the Journal in any format.
b. The Author shall, without limitation, have the right to use the ARticle in any form or format in connection with the Author's teaching, conference presentations, lectures, other scholarly works, and for all of Author's academic and professional acitvities.
c. The Author shall at any time have the fright to make, or to authorize others to make, a preprint or a final published version of the ARticle available in digital form over the Internet, including, but not limited to, a website under the control fo the Author or the Author's employer or through digital repositories including, but not limited to, those maintained by scholarly societies, funding agencies, or the Author's employer. This right shall include, without limitation, the right of the Author to permit public access to the Article as part of a repository or through a service or domain maintained by teh Author's employing the institution or a service as required by law or by agreement with a funding agency. The Journal may in its discretion deposit the ARticle with any digital repository consisten with deposits permitted by the Author under ths paragraph. [Examples of such repositories include SSRN, arXiv.org, PubMed Central, and Academic Commons at Columbia University.]
d. Any of the foregoing permitted uses of the Article, or of a work based substantially on the Article, shall include an appropriate citation to the Article, stating that it has been or is to be published in the Journal, with name and date of the Journal publication and the Internet address for the website of the Journal.
Editing of the Article. This Agreement is subject to the understanding that the ordinary editing processes of the Journal will be diligently pursued and that the Article will not be published by the Journal unless, in tis final form, it is acceptable to the Author and the Journal.
